Linux to explore the second curtain into the Linux world?

The first field in the Judo black belt since the beginning of the "legendary scene" in some Forum was published, I did receive a letter from some friends, I hope I can be more detailed talk about Linux, but not limited to Linux itself.

Yes, the author is here to tell you frankly, in my mind and my computer hard drive, indeed "buried" so much of Linux's story, and these stories are beautiful and amazing. Among them the father of free software, the father of Linux RichardStallman LinusTorvalds, free software, the leading theorist EricS.Raymond Linux Max distributors Red Hat company CEORobertYoung, free software, books, the largest publisher of founder TimO'Reilly, the Web server market share is highest in the Apache community co-founder and core staff BrianBehlendorf and so on and so on. There is no doubt that each of the listed above, each name with a wonderful story and entrainment with some legendary, but I have to tell you frankly, if I put the above people's stories are placed in the exploration of this Linux series to describe, then even I do not know when to enter the Linux explore "series of real theme — learning Linux technology. Maybe in future days (perhaps tomorrow), I will open a series of articles devoted to these exciting exciting story here please "avoiding" ç¨ do not. Well, gossip less service, better get started now. The protagonist of this article series is Linux, then what is Linux? believe that everyone has a story of curtain 3 field should already know the answer? just if you want to someone else (he or she may not understand Linux) to describe what is Linux, it is not necessary for him to tell the story of verbosity, you only need one word: Linux is an operating system. ? Or do not quite understand? then detail that Linux is an operating system like Windows, can help you complete the work of a platform. (Oh, if he or she even Windows do not know, that no matter your business ^ _ ^) I know next will certainly be asked: what is Linux or Windows better? MyGod, this is not to be regarded as a classic problem? I think so, because you want to give a complete answer may not be easy! so I here can answer you: Linux and Windows which better, now depends on what you want and you ask who is the man. Of course, I know this is more of a "diplomatic nature", that is to say that the answer is no. Oh, don't worry, in the second screen of the end of the writer also will give you a more accurate answers to satisfy your curiosity. Let's meet some formal to Linux: Linux is a free, open source, collaborative development class UNIX operating system, it can run on most hardware platforms. It offers a wide range of network support, Exchange with other systems required for many features and a large number of own and from other systems into the application. Oh? open source?, our technical staff to see such words but very excited. Is it true? in this has been selfishness, greed, desire the winding city it can put a complete operating system source code of the openly? Yes! this is the GNU project! great ideal plan, many people dream of a lifetime! GNU mean "GNU is not UNIX" (GNU'sNotUnix) word-prefix abbreviations. — — This recursively naming method is computer experienced users have one kind of humor. If you understand what the funny thing about that sometimes, this can only prove that you belong to the majority of that category. In two minutes to get to know some GNU programs, although it seems in our country did not survive! GNU is free software Foundation (FreeSoftwareFoundation) of a project. The project started in 1984, the goal is to create a free, similar to the UNIX operating system. Years later, they are written with many GNU tools, these tools were many commercial UNIX vendors are widely used, of course, the system administrator can also use these tools to complete the task. LinusTorvalds's Linux kernel ultimately make GNU dreams (create completely free of charge, similar to the UNIX operating system) has become a reality!, of course, just as God would have Satan, this world always someone like the dark, they enjoy the benefits of GNU, but they themselves refused (accurate to say that is not afraid to) the implementation of the GNU project, such a person exists in our country and today also survive! very "successful". By what means, ask readers to figure out. Now I can assure you that explains this title "Judo black belt" of meaning. Think back to DOS, remember this OS? author in 1993 know this operating system. Now think about it, the Mainland's information and education is falling behind, then Windows3.1 operating system has also been put on the market for more than a year, and we just know Dos, however this is our country, can understand and appreciate. Let the author the deepest impression is the Dos + WPS let China, how many more people in employment is also popular for decades! "five-stroke font face", so that many people have this impression: learn computer is learning to type. It seems that there is a before WPS very popular editing tools, and four-way is a bit of a relationship, but limited to memories, pensWho here has been difficult to remember (and too lazy to look up information, hehe). Features of DOS is a command line operation. dir，cd，md…… This is my new Dos when three command sequence, your? dear readers, here is what you need to know is: in this series, I will be on the command line into more energy. Of course, I know that many people like those good things, such as a fantastic interface or something. But from the system management perspective, the command line is the rule. It is always valid, and be flexible. Even by a slow skip modem line, it also can manipulate thousands of kilometres away to a remote system. Let us face the reality: all graphics are the slow network connection speed killer. Another reason is: beautiful front-end GUI and graphical desktop is really not bad, it can make a new administrator, you can also go through a small amount of training after completion of the task. But you should really understand: in fact, the power is derived from the surface (i.e. friendly menus and graphical interface below) what happened! learn how to use the command line like similar to obtain a Judo black belt in or get first aid certificate. But this is not to say that in the face of obstacles (or opponent) suddenly has a solution, but that will have the confidence and knowledge to protect themselves, or in case of emergency occurs to be addressed. Remember: the command line is powerful! ready for use!, of course, this is not to say that we don't want those things, after all everyone likes beautiful things, isn't it? especially when you face the timid users, comfortable graphical tool is placed in front of him is good, however. Similarly, these users often do a thing like the fantastic window interface as the operating system performance of the test. ("I want to play Warcraft or playing CS") for these reasons, I will show you graphically. But the author is an honest man, don't want to conceal what facts. Or do you want to tell you a command line operation was the first, the GUI is the second place. After all, many GUI interface is actually just a command line pretty front-end or wrapped Bale. But also for experienced system administrators, they will find it difficult to provide GUI tools for all optional parameters. But if you want to provide a complete set of parameters, usually makes GUI interface becomes their corresponding command line programs equally complex. Originally a GUI design is to simplify operations. So experienced users are back to return to the command line above in a flexible capacity. Well, I may not want to arouse controversy, after all, both the command line or GUI mode and their common purpose is to complete the work. Each has its own advantages and disadvantages. Then let us go back to DOS memory. Yes, I admit that at the time of initial contact with Linux, so I imagine to 1993 in DOS. Now, now, I remember DOS again, and will join through DOS to understand the Linux command line mode of operation, but is a man is already for ten years. Time is fast ... Ah ... The second curtain into the Linux world no. 2 in command line to start if you think you have enough understanding of the basic commands, Linux, and have felt no need to talk about the everyday use of command, you can simply do not see this field. After all, the author of the article is not a "Matrix Revolutions," non-look. ^ _ ^ Of course, those who want to understand the Linux reader may still want to review these contents. After all, just in case I missed something? you know, the system administrator of the world, some of the "Miss" is meant "mistakes"! (in fact, in the life of mists, could it not so? missed means losing. The circumstances are different, everything is hard to find old dream. And the so-called cover, often is wishful thinking required. ) The author still will carry a "bad" practices: from basic content start, to what extent? that is, as the case may be. Hell in the cell contents to be discussed are some of the most basic commands, they will run through all the articles in this series, will and readers you spent together the beauty of using Linux. I want to let you know how these commands are powerful and flexible, and hope you can learn the basic commands, to continue to explore these other "hidden" features. Slight desire to return to your quest uncovering the true potential of daily orders because in Linux!, command line will always be a system administrator's life in an eternal! mentioned command line, it means that we need to contact shell. now let's do shell come from, where it will go. We now just to know shell to interpret our input of the command. In your mind there are no traces of DOS? if so, when you see the shell, is not to be able to do the same as the author of the past background evoking? Yes, you can put the shell as the original DOS prompt. (If you have forgotten the DOS prompt, it doesn't matter. In your Windows system, click on "start", then click on "run", in open a bar inside enter "cmd", ok, DOS reproduce. Of course, strictly speaking in Windows2000 operating system which has later cannot be called DOS, but should be called "command console", enhances many DOS command, you will next be seen. In fact, shell is more like DOS era command.com program. There are many kinds of shell), we often use is BASHshell (BourneAgain). Note that Word Again, smart readers if you must have guessed before the shell should also have a shell, HA HA, you guessed it! and then let's look at the history: the first really UnixshEll-"sh", also known as the ' Bourneshell ', was born in 1975, the author is SteveBourne. soon, a different shell, such as based on the original ' Bourneshell ' "ksh" and "zsh", the latter is often used as exclusive criteria for Unix system shell; there are also some from the C language derived from the shell, such as "csh" or "tcsh".