The "norm" has now become a fashionable term for a variety of standard message, also continuously flooded the ears, it also declared the era of the "standard".
Born in the field longer than social, Frank little Penguin Linux to Linux on the island, also have to take the standard, this is "growing pains"! and Linux standards is gradually becoming China's standards strategy is an important part. The same is the norm, the little Penguin's birth, growth mode, survival mode, and "it" and our mutual recognition are developed on our Linux standards have an important impact. "Standard" really universal? think as long as the national standard, developed Linux Linux can embark on the development of broad, this is an error nor realistic. And in the current standard strategy of tide, in fact, Linux is "love" it is not easy and, therefore, in formulating the Linux standards, requires more patience and skill to do. The international Linux standard system 1.POSIX standard POSIX (PortableOperatingSystemInterfaceforComputingSystems) is determined by the IEEE and ISO/IEC standard system development. The standard is based on an existing Unix practice and experience, describes the operating system calls the service interface, to ensure the preparation of applications to source code level in a variety of operating systems run on transplantation. 1991-1993 Linux start-up, coincides with the POSIX standards is finalized, the POSIX standard for Linux provides the critical information that enables the Linux can and most Unix systems compatible. POSIX present latest standard is IEEE1003.1-2001. The original Linux kernel code (0.01, 0.11) already provide the Linux compatibility with POSIX standards ready. By 0.01 kernel/include/unistd.h file analysis is visible in the initial stage of development, Linux is to achieve compatibility with POSIX. From the Linux development process can also be seen, the growth of Linux has been supporting POSIX standards, no POSIX, there would be no Linux today. 2.FSG (FreeStandardGroup) standard series Linux standardization specifications and working groups — LSB (LinuxStandardBase) working group is a member of the working group. FreeStandardsGroup LSB is Linux areas important and influential organization for standardization. LSB workgroup to reach a target of "StandardizingThePenguin", to develop minimum standards, such as public command set and file formats, etc., for application compatibility. It is committed to developing and promoting a series of standards, improving the different Linux distributions of compatibility that allows software applications to run on a variety of compliance with the LSB standard system, but also help coordinate software developers to Linux porting and development products. At present internationally popular version of Linux Standard base follows the LSB, this specification is the Linux world unification of important strength, can be said to be the industry standard Linux. In the course of the LSB is more important is the latest V1.3, current version is the month of September 2004 the LSBV2.0, mainly in V1.3 adds to the C + +. LSBV2.0 is able to completely solve the current Linux applications face compatibility problems. OpenI18N (OpenInternationalizationInitiative) is committed to enhance the internationalization of software application portability and interoperability, providing a common open source environment, making the world a different culture, language, application can properly and accurately express. OpenI18N also developed standards and the development of validation and test kits. Meet the OpenI18N standard prerequisites is line with the LSB standard. In addition to the LSB and FSG in OpenI18n, there are many influential standards groups such as LANANA (LinuxAssignedNamesandNumbersAuthority), OpenPrinting, Accessibility, DWARF, OpenCluster. They are primarily focused on specific areas of application. 3.OSDL (OpenSourceDevelopmentLab) standard series CGL (CarrierGradeLinux) is a project funded by the OSDL, committed to formulating a consistent with Telecom operators require Linux standards. It gateway, signaling server, management server, such as telecommunications applications on Linux enhancements, meet integrated telecommunications, data and Internet next generation communications infrastructure needs. Commitment to comply with the LSB standard CGL, maintain the Linux version of consistency and compliance with open source licenses and open source development process. CGL support packages in testing and certification, is a complete system. DCL (DataCenterLinux) is a project funded by OSDL, committed to developing an enterprise data center needs Linux standards. It targets the financial industry and manufacturing runs critical business systems. Characterized by active use of new technology, so that a large system can run critical business and assume a high risk and heavy loads. DTL (DesktopLinux) is OSDL newly funded project aimed at pushingInto the Linux Enterprise desktop applications. The project is currently in the planning stage, release less information. According to reliable sources, China pushing desktop Linux operating system, OSDL will increase the intensity of cooperation with China, particularly in the areas of desktop Linux. 4.UnitedLinux (UL) in June 2002, Caldera, Conectiva, SuSE and TurboLinux Corporation announced the establishment of the UNITEDLINUX organization, plans to make Linux development and certification around a global, unified commercial Linux distributions. UNITEDLINUX (UL) will meet the business user to standard commercial Linux version, this version is able to span the software and hardware platforms to accelerate enterprise adoption of Linux. Under the agreement, the four companies will work together to develop a common core of the Linux operating system environment, called UL software. The four companies will UL operating system bundled with your own value-added products and services, and to their respective brand marketing and sales. Almost every business provides part of the technical architecture of the vendors that support the UL, including system and software vendors AMD, Borland, CA, Fujitsu-Siemens, HP, IBM, Intel, NEC, and SAP. To ensure product compatibility, independent hardware vendors and independent software vendors in different Linux versions, spent significant time and cost to certification of their products and services. UL will provide a truly standards-based Linux operating environment, so that the supplier need certification Linux version is significantly reduced. For many reasons, UnitedLinux basically attributed to calm, but how to prevent the fragmentation of the Linux, how simple Linux ecology chain provides a useful reference. China Linux standards development in the State Council informatization Office, Ministry of information industry, standardization Management Board, technical department, with the support of the standardization work in Linux has made considerable progress. Science and Technology Department of "863" project funded Linux related standards and specifications. In 2003, the Ministry of science and technology through the Chinese Linux and Office software-related standards and specifications (2003AA1Z2010), Chinese Linux application programming interface (API) specification (20032268-T-339) as well as Chinese Linux system technical requirements specification (20032262-T-339) project, the Chinese Institute of electronics and information standards lead. According to the system is split into the following six projects: Linux standard system research, Linux application programming interface (API) specification, Linux desktop systems technical requirements specification, Linux Server system requirements specification, Linux user interface specification and the specification of embedded Linux. The Linux standard system study has been completed; the Linux application programming interface (API) specification "," Linux desktop systems technical requirements specification, the Linux Server system requirements specification "and the" Linux user interface code has to seek the views of the second draft, involving four specification is the current controversy on the Internet and in Japan and South Korea cool "four standards"; the embedded Linux specification completed preliminary investigation, the formation of the draft standard outline, and submitted a draft specification. Ministry of information industry, has established the "Linux standard working group". 2004 April 9, the Ministry of information industry standard Linux working group was formed to promote Linux standard construction in China. The initial members of the standards set by "863" project participants in funded projects was extended to 13, with the Linux Standard group work, more enterprises to join the Linux standards group, participation in enterprises also covers Linux industry, as of 30 September 2004, Linux standards group has a total of 28 member companies, observation of Member 2. Current Linux standards group's work is divided into five thematic groups in advance the criteria working group, the five thematic groups respectively: Desktop Linux operating system EWOs, servers, Linux operating system user interface EWOs, EWOs EWOs, embedded Linux and the Linux based on e-government standard theme groups. With the Northeast Asian cooperation in the field of the open-source software system, Linux standards working group is also provided for the forum more standards and standards related to the direction of business support. Developing Linux standards need to be aware of the problem (1) it is necessary to couldn't avoid the risk of intellectual property rights and patents sought by the national standards for market initiative, even participation by promoting the national standard, the world is becoming an information industry development. No country has the necessary technical standards management, however, if not properly managed, it is likely to be counterproductive, the lessons in this regard, in comparison to deeply developed Linux needs ever so careful. The primary features of Linux is open and free, but open things are not necessarily free of intellectual property and open source and Linux with GPL license to represent a group of Linux protocol family in large-scale commercial application of manufacturing many barriers, but as currently most commercial software emphasizes the "Copyright" and look more real. In the open source model of development of Linux lacked the necessary software for filtering and rejection mechanisms, but also for Linux and commercial software "entanglement" provides space for imagination. Intellectual property standards are public, cannot be owned by individuals or enterprises. Patent and intellectual property rights in the software field has always been a difficult issue, as defined in the formulation of the Linux Standard, we need to define what level and writing standards, evasion of intellectual property and patent impact, need to be involved in the standard policy makers and planners with extremely high intelligence. 2. to attract LinUx ecological chain enterprise wide participation by thinking, most people think that developing a standard, published by administrative power and implemented, can achieve application and extension of the successful, could gain market initiative and access to international markets. In a market economy environment, in the WTO context, this is a hopeless. To implement Linux standards, at least a wide application range and penetration, no standards are difficult to open. National standards for implementing Linux in China, it should be consistent with the overall interests of the national market. However, in the standard-setting process, if only a few enterprises in the commercial interests of trends, standards of content like manufacturers product user manual, not the overall interest of the market regulations; in the lack of Linux core technology, may be involved in standard-setting, capacity constraints, in standard-setting process, the trivial, it is difficult to develop in line with industry standards development needs. The Linux standard-setting process, the need to have a large number of units to participate, just a few Linux Enterprise, which should include a large number of Linux operating system vendors, independent software providers, equipment manufacturers and research institutes, users and communities. Linu
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